Children

As of 2016 children made up approximately 29.3 perc cent of the population of Mongolia. In 2005, the Government of Mongolia launched the Child Money Programme (CMP), with the aim to contribute to the reduction of poverty and inequality and improve the well-being of all children. The Ministry of Social Welfare and Labour administers the unconditional cash transfer with funds accumulated entirely from mineral resource taxes, redistributing wealth from the mining sector across the population.   

As of 2015 there were approximately 327,199 persons living with disabilities in Uzbekistan, accounting for 1.9 per cent of the total population. In order to provide income security for children with disabilities, the Government of Uzbekistan introduced a targeted monthly cash transfer in 1993 as part of a package of permanent disability benefits within the State pension scheme. The scheme is administered by the State Pension Fund under the Ministry of Finance.

New Zealand's latest National Disability Survey, conducted in 2013, found that nearly 100,000 people below the age of 15 have disabilities. In order to provide income security to children with disabilities, the Government of New Zealand provides a Child Disability Allowance (CDA), administered by the Ministry of Social Development. The CDA is an allowance paid to caregivers of children with disabilities every two weeks in recognition for the extra care and attention provided.

A national social protection floor creates a solid foundation upon which effective mechanisms to reduce poverty and enhance human capital and productivity can be mobilised to promote inclusive, sustainable and resilient development. Upon this foundation, States have moved away from fragmented social protection schemes toward integrated systems that avoid overlap and address gaps in coverage.

The Bolsa Familia Programme, or Programa Bolsa Família (PBF), is a conditional cash transfer implemented by the Government of Brazil designed to alleviate poverty among low-income families. PBF also offers several complementary services to assist in job-seeking and housing. In the decade that the Bolsa Familia Programme (PBF) was introduced, poverty has been reduced by half, from 9.7 per cent to 4.3 per cent, the coverage of the Bolsa Familia reached out to 50 million low-income Brazillians which accounts for a quarter of the total population of Brazil.

Children face the highest incidence of poverty in Chile. In order to reduce the incidence of poverty and malnutrition among children, the Government of the Republic of Chile introduced the ‘Chile Growths With You’, or Chile Crece Contigo (ChCC), child protection scheme in 2006 aimed at guaranteeing a healthy environment for child development that upholds their rights. At the heart of ChCC is the Biopsychosocial Development Support Programme, directed at children between 0 and 4 years and coordinated by the Ministry of Health.

According to the World Bank, in 2012 the People's Republic of China reached a gross primary school enrolment rate of over 100 per cent. Highly accessible primary education in China is supported by constitutional provisions adopted by China in 1982, which outlines the rights of all children to free and compulsory primary education.

According to the World Bank, Bangladesh's primary school enrolment has increased from 80 per cent in 2000 to 98 per cent in 2015. In 2003 the Government of Bangladesh launched a conditional cash transfer scheme, the Stipend for Primary Students (PESP), in order to provide assistance to the poor to meet their nutritional and education needs and break the intergenerational poverty cycle.

Children and youth under the age of 14 account for 24.3 per cent of the total population of Sri Lanka and the youth enjoy high literacy rates at 98 per cent for boys and 99 per cent for girls. These high rates of education can be attributed to national policies for free and compulsory education in Sri Lanka dating back to the 1940's. More recently in 1997 the Government of the Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka passed the Compulsory Education Ordinance further strengthening the national framework for universal primary education.

In the Lebanese Republic the enrollment rate of children in primary education increased by 32 per cent between 1997 and 2014.  In 1989 the Government of Lebanon made advancements toward protecting the rights of children through guaranteeing their security in the 1989 Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord), thus amending the 1926 Constitution. The Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation adopted in 1989 specifies the provisions for a mandatory primary education system.